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DIPLOMACY

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Diplomacy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search For the textual analysis of historic documents, see  Diplomatics . For other uses, see  Diplomacy (disambiguation) . The  United Nations , with its  headquarters  in  New York City , is the largest international diplomatic organization. Diplomacy  is the art and practice of conducting negotiations between representatives of  states . It usually refers to the conduct of  international relations  through the intercession of professional diplomats with regard to a full range of topical issues. [1]  Diplomacy entails influencing the decisions and conduct of foreign governments and officials through dialogue, negotiation, and other nonviolent means. [2] Diplomacy is the main instrument of  foreign policy , which consists of the broader goals and strategies that guide a state's interactions with the rest of the world. Internat...
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THE FOUR CALIPHATE

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The Four Caliphs were the first four leaders of Islam that succeeded the Prophet Muhammad. They are sometimes called the "Rightly Guided" Caliphs because each of them learned about Islam directly from Muhammad. They also served as Muhammad's closest friends and advisors during the early years of Islam. The Rashidun Caliphate The time period under the leadership of the Four Caliphs is called the Rashidun Caliphate by historians. The Rashidun Caliphate lasted for 30 years from 632 CE to 661 CE. It was followed by the Umayyad Caliphate. The city of Medina served as the first capital of the Caliphate. The capital was later moved to Kufa. Islamic Empire under Abr Bakr 1. Abu Bakr The first caliph was Abu Bakr who ruled from 632-634 CE. Abu Bakr was the father-in-law of Muhammad and was an early convert to Islam. He was known as "The Truthful." During his short reign as caliph, Abu Bakr put down rebellions by various Arab tribes after Muhammad died and est...
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PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION

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Philosophy of Education First published Mon Jun 2, 2008; substantive revision Sun Oct 7, 2018 Philosophy of education is the branch of applied or practical philosophy concerned with the nature and aims of education and the philosophical problems arising from educational theory and practice. Because that practice is ubiquitous in and across human societies, its social and individual manifestations so varied, and its influence so profound, the subject is wide-ranging, involving issues in ethics and social/political philosophy, epistemology, metaphysics, philosophy of mind and language, and other areas of philosophy. Because it looks both inward to the parent discipline and outward to educational practice and the social, legal, and institutional contexts in which it takes place, philosophy of education concerns itself with both sides of the traditional theory/practice divide. Its subject matter includes both basic philosophical issues (e.g., the nature of the knowledge worth teach...
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